Memorial plaque in Tartu Dudayev was born in in the abolished (ASSR), just days before the of his family together with the entire and population on the orders of. His family was of the Yalhoroy. He was the thirteenth youngest child of veterinarian Musa and Rabiat Dudayev. He spent the first 13 years of his life in internal exile in the. His family was only able to return to Chechnya in 1957.

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Following the 1957 of the Chechens and Ingush, he studied at evening school in Checheno-Ingushetia and qualified as an electrician. In 1962, after two years studying in, he entered the Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots from which he graduated in 1966. Ryabushko sbornik zadachi idz chastj 3. Dudayev joined the in 1968 and in 1971–1974 studied at the prestigious Air Force Academy. He married, a Russian and the daughter of a Soviet officer with whom he had three children (a daughter and two sons). In 1962, Dudayev began serving in the where he rose to the rank of Major-General, becoming their first Chechen general. Dudayev served in a unit of the Soviet Air Force in.

He participated in the against the, for which he was awarded the and the. Reportedly from 1986–87 Dudayev had participated in bombing raids in western Afghanistan. Many of his military and political opponents who questioned his Muslim faith often made reference to his actions against the Mujahideen forces. For example, asserted Dudayev participated in (a statement probably motivated by spite). These allegations were denied by Dudayev himself.

Dudayev rose steadily in the Air Force, assuming command of the of the at,, in 1987 gaining the rank of. From 1987 through March 1990 he commanded long-range during his post there. He was also commander of the garrison of Tartu.

He learned and showed great tolerance for when in autumn 1990 he ignored the orders (as commander of the garrison of Tartu) to shut down the Estonian television and parliament. In 1990, his air was withdrawn from Estonia and Dudayev resigned from the. There is a memorial plaque made of granite attached to the house on 8,, Estonia in which Dudaev used to work. The house now hosts Hotel Barclay, and the former cabinet of Dudayev has been converted into Dudaev's Room. Chechen politics [ ] In May 1990, Dudayev returned to, the Chechen capital, to devote himself to local politics. He was elected head of the Executive Committee of the unofficial opposition (NCChP), which advocated for Chechnya as a separate (the Chechen-Ingush ASSR had the status of an of the ).

In August 1991,, the Communist leader of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, did not publicly condemn the against Soviet President. Following the failure of the, the Soviet Union as the constituent republics took moves to leave the beleaguered Soviet Union. Taking advantage of the Soviet Union's implosion, Dudayev and his supporters acted against the Zavgayev administration. On 6 September 1991, the militants of the NCChP invaded a session of the local, effectively dissolving the government of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. Grozny television station and other key government buildings were also taken over. [ ] President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria [ ] After a controversial referendum in October 1991 confirmed Dudayev in his new position as president of the, he unilaterally declared the republic's sovereignty and its independence from Soviet Union.

In November 1991, the then dispatched troops to Grozny, but they were withdrawn when Dudaev's forces prevented them from leaving the airport. Russia refused to recognize the republic's independence, but hesitated to use further force against the separatists. From this point the Chechen-Ingush Republic had become a independent state.

[ ] Initially, Dudayev's government held diplomatic relations with where he received much moral support from the first Georgian President. When Gamsakhurdia was overthrown in late 1991, he was given in Chechnya and attended Dudayev's inauguration as President. While he resided in Grozny he also helped to organise the first 'All-Caucasian Conference' which was attended by independentist groups from across the region. Ichkeria never received diplomatic recognition from any internationally recognised state other than Georgia in 1991. [ ] The Chechen-Ingush Republic split in two in June 1992, amidst the increasing. After Chechnya had announced its initial declaration of sovereignty in 1991, its former entity opted to join the Russian Federation as a (Republic of Ingushetia).